In order to objectively evaluate the impact of rural linear public space transformation on users’ physiology and emotion, this study combined electroencephalography(EEG), eye-tracking technology and Perceptual Recovery Scale to quantitatively analyze the physiological comfort, visual attention and subjective emotional response of 36 subjects before and after the transformation of main streets, roadways, paths and river scenes. The results showed that the reformed rural linear public space significantly enhanced the EEG activity in the parietal and occipital lobes of the subjects. The average pupil diameter of both sides was expanded by 4.02%, and the visual residence time was prolonged by 4.01%. The scores of the perceptual recovery scale were significantly improved in the dimensions of being away, fascination, extent and compatibility. The research shows that through the inheritance of cultural symbols, ecological design and humanistic optimization, the perception efficiency and environmental quality of rural linear public space have been significantly improved. This study innovatively integrates multimodal physiological data and subjective evaluation, and provides a scientific and evidence-based decision-making basis for rural public space design.